More than a maths teacher » 3. Teacherhacker

In The (Learning) Zone

Lois Lindemann — Fri, 22 Apr 2011 16:28:55 +0000

I’ve been doing some more work on MoreThanMaths.com over the last couple of days. It was high time that I added some content to the Learning Zone. In the process of doing this I learned something. How appropriate.

Anyway, having spent a bit of time grappling with the wonders of combing Flash and WordPress, I thought I’d share what I’ve discovered:

1. Embedding Flash files in a WordPress site

I’ve been doing this for a while (here’s an example) and I’ve found the easiest way is to use a good plugin.

I recommend SwfObj – it’s reliable and really easy to use. I usually add some code to my posts/pages, eg:

[swfobj src="http://www.morethanmaths.com/mtm-content/puzzles/coins-01-triangle-to-square.swf" height="450" width="600"]

Alternatively, I can use the link that the plugin adds to the WordPress dashboard. When writing a post or page, just look for an icon with a little f. It’s sitting next to the other media upload icons. Click it and follow the instructions. It’s easy!

There are two functions from the SwfObj plugin that I don’t use.

- Alignment

I find it easier to align the movie by placing the code inside center tags:

[swfobj src="http://www.morethanmaths.com/mtm-content/puzzles/coins-01-triangle-to-square.swf" height="450" width="600"]

- Full screen view

I offer a hyperlink to a full screen version of the file rather than using the built in function (example on this page). This makes it easier for anyone who wants to grab a copy of the movie (eg to embed in a flipchart file for an interactive whiteboard), or who wants to hyperlink straight to it.

Incidentally, if you are going to do this, make sure that your Flash movies don’t have things going on offstage – otherwise they will show up! Many of my movies do have things going on offstage, but before publishing I cover these with a ‘curtain’ – actually a big white rectangle with a hole that shows the stage. Yes, I could deal with this by setting opacity on a webpage, but that won’t help if someone downloads the individual file.

2. Linking one Flash movie to another

Some of my resources aren’t single Flash files, they are too big for that. For example, Measure Island is made from a set of Flash files: one for the introduction, one for the map, one for the flea circus activity etc. They are linked together using Actionscript commands within the Flash files. This command is used to load the flea circus:

_root.loadMovie("ruler_flea_circus.swf");

After trying to get this to work with WordPress, I learned that this doesn’t work quite as I expected. I knew that the loadmovie command was a relative link. I was surprised to learn that it doesn’t point at the folder/directory that contains the Flash movie; instead it defaults to the folder/directory that holds the webpage that the movie is on.

My old site consisted of static html pages, with the relevant Flash files held in the same folders, so that wasn’t a problem. On my WordPress site, it was an issue, because the ‘folder’ containing the page doesn’t exist as such on a database driven site.

I tried lots of things before realising that the solution was easy!

I tried putting an absolute link in my loadmovie commands. The result was crashing Flasherama. Not pretty. Not recommended.

I discovered the base command on Adobe’s page listing Flash OBJECT and EMBED tag attributes

base -. or [base directory] or [URL]. Specifies the base directory or URL used to resolve all relative path statements in the Flash Player movie. This attribute is helpful when your Flash Player movies are kept in a different directory from your other files.

I failed at using this in various ways before eventually deciding to try a base command with SwfObj. There is no mention that this is supported on the plugin’s page, but the plugin does use the SWF Object 2.2 library and I was getting desperate…

[swfobj src="http://www.morethanmaths.com/mtm-content/measureisland/mi_intro.swf" height="450" width="600" base="http://www.morethanmaths.com/mtm-content/measureisland/" ]

It worked perfectly! Now when a user clicks on a link in my Flash movie, it looks in my www.morethanmaths.com/mtm-content/measureisland/ folder for the Flash file. No crashing, no gnashing of teeth. You can see the results here.

As I said, I recommend SwfObj – it’s reliable and really easy to use. And it does even more than it says on the tin!

Homer’s first quote

Lois Lindemann — Mon, 21 Feb 2011 15:33:48 +0000

I still seem to be unpacking school stuff. I moved schools last September, so yes, this is a sign that I have way too much stuff. Operation Own Less Stuff has been going on for a while now, the end is not yet in sight.

Anyway, I just unearthed Homer Simpson. Sky TV sent me several fold out flyers featuring Homer, so I cut one out, had him laminated and stuck him on my classroom wall. Last year I printed out key words and quotes in speech bubbles/callouts and made a mini display. Homer offered us a different word or bit of wisdom every week or so.

Think I might start again with this one:

"The human mind has never invented a labour-saving machine equal to algebra."

[Anon]

via Murray Bourne (@intmath) on Twitter

Mouse Mischief – technical difficulties

Lois Lindemann — Sat, 19 Feb 2011 17:28:03 +0000

A class full of children looking excited at the appearance of mice (so far so good), then a problem: the PowerPoint that had worked perfectly the last time I used it simply didn’t run with multiple mice. The slides loaded, but no dialog box offering a multiple mouse set up.

Result: a class full of children looking a bit miffed. Not quite what I’d hoped for. (My own fault – should’ve tested it first!)

The problem seems to be a conflict between plugins. A quick Google revealed that SMART’s ink-aware layer is a common culprit, but I wasn’t using that. I had just downloaded a trial version of Articulate, which might be where the conflict is occurring – but I haven’t used this particular laptop for running presentations for a while, so who knows? Could easily be something else.

I’m fortunate to have two laptops – my own and one provided by school. Mouse Mischief is still working fine for content creation on my own laptop, but I’ll stick to using the school machine for use in lessons. It’s running Windows 7, so copes with more mice anyway.

The moral of the story: if Mouse Mischief stops working, try uninstalling any new or recently updated PowerPoint plugins.

Photo: Inside the Microsoft Arc Mouse by blakespot on Flickr. Used under Creative Commons Licence.

Mouse Mischief: For A Few Mice More

Lois Lindemann — Sun, 17 Oct 2010 08:00:00 +0000

My move to my new school brought a temporary interruption to my Mouse Mischief experiment, but I’m up and running again. It has been by far the most popular tool I’ve used this year. (Last year it came second only to lessons using iPod Touches, but we don’t have any of those at my new school!)

I thought I’d share a few thoughts about some of the practicalities of using Mouse Mischief effectively in the classroom.

I’ve found these strategies quite helpful:

1. Make sure the teacher stays in control:

NEVER give out the students’ mice until you’ve set up the teacher’s mouse.
At the end of the presentation, unplug the students’ mice BEFORE exiting the slideshow.

2. Push the limits

The Microsoft website states that machines running Windows XP can run approximately five mice. I tried five mice, found they worked fine, then tried six, then seven…

My XP machine will run Mouse Mischief with eight student mice and one teacher mouse, but I think it is reaching its limit. Eight is fine for my current school – it fits the natural groupings without lots of furniture re-arrangement, but ideally I’d like to end up with one mouse per pair of students. Now I have my new school laptop (which runs Windows 7), I’ll be trying even more mice!

3. Consider how you want to start the presentation

Like many teachers, I move rooms from time to time, so sometimes I can set up a presentation in advance, sometimes I have to set it up during the lesson.

a. In advance

If I’m setting up in advance, I try to start the slide show and click to activate all the student mice before the students arrive. By the time the lesson begins, the first slide is already on the screen. If I’m planning to have a ‘Do Now’ task on the first slide, this works well because the students can start work as soon as they arrived and they aren’t distracted by the mice until we reach the stage when we need them. Obviously the students still need to know which mouse is theirs, so I include a drawing slide with the heading ‘Take a few moments to work out which cursor is yours’. By the time I’ve finished giving out the mice, the students have worked that out and are ready to move on.

There’s an example of a PowerPoint that I used in this way here. It was used with a foundation set who were learning to solve one step equations. (If you want to reuse the activity, you’ll find the cards that go with it here.)

b. During the lesson

If I’m setting up in the lesson, I make sure that the students have something that they can work on independently for a few minutes while I set up. It doesn’t take very long, but there are quite a few steps: I have to switch on the projector, connect my laptop, plug in and switch on the mice and finally start the slideshow. Once I have reached the stage where I’ve set up the teacher’s mouse, I give the students their mice and let them click to activate them.

4. Learn the keyboard shortcuts

The keyboard shortcuts are really useful. If you have a wireless keyboard I’d recommend using it, then you can move around the room instead of being stuck next to your PC.

left/right arrows: previous/next slide
up arrow: show results (very useful if one group is mucking about – once they’ve lost their vote a couple of times, that seems to stop); clicking the up arrow a second time will hide the results – useful if you need to go back to discuss a question that the students didn’t understand
down arrow: hide/show student mice
f10: reset the slide, so everyone answers again (useful when students head for the wrong answer and want another attempt)
f9: start the timer (this is a bit inflexible: you get one minute and as far as I can tell, there is no way to change this. I don’t really use this feature.)
Alt+f4: end the show

5. Build in thinking time

I used Mouse Mischief with a top set Y8 class who were learning to multiply with fractions and mixed numbers. [PowerPoint file is here]. They really enjoyed it – which, given the subject matter, shows just how motivating it is!

At the start of the session, we spent some time working out how to multiply fractions. They had some whiteboards with pizzas (actually, the ‘whiteboards’ are printouts of this document, slipped inside plastic wallets – which we wrote on with a dry wipe marker), so the first few slides were just copies of those images which we used to discuss how to do the questions.

Then came the practice, followed by an extension to mixed numbers. I decided to use Mouse Mischief for this. These questions need thinking time, so I revealed each slide (right arrow) and immediately hid the student mice (down arrow). They worked in groups to work out the answers using mini-whiteboards. Once I could see that groups were reaching conclusions, I refreshed the slide (f10) so they could answer. I could have simply revealed the mice again, but I wanted to make sure that no-one had the chance to register an answer before they had worked it out.

6. Use the results for AfL, or to start a debate

As soon as the last student has clicked an answer (or as soon as I decide they have had long enough and press the up arrow), a graphic showing how many chose each response appears. If there’s a correct answer, this is a really powerful assessment for learning tool. I can see immediately which questions we need to stop and discuss. If there’s no correct answer, it can stimulate debate. I asked Y10 to select which method they used to solve a problem, we then discussed the relative merits of each one.

I’m still learning how to use Mouse Mischief effectively, so if you have any suggestions or advice, I’d be happy to hear it.

Making Mischief

Lois Lindemann — Sat, 29 May 2010 18:42:10 +0000

My students and I been trying out Mouse Mischief in our lessons over the last couple of weeks. It’s great – I never knew PowerPoint could be so much fun!

First things first: what is Mouse Mischief? It’s a free add in for PowerPoint 2007 or 2010 which allows you to connect multiple mice to one PC, rather like a voting system. My school already has a voting system that works with PowerPoint, so why have I been so totally won over by Mouse Mischief?

1. It’s really easy to use.

Once the software has been downloaded from the Mouse Mischief homepage and installed, an extra tab appears in PowerPoint:

The Multiple-Mouse tab is very easy to use, it’s simply a matter of clicking the buttons. Anyone who can use PowerPoint should be able to do this without any trouble at all, but you will find lots of advice and step-by-step instructions on Microsoft’s Mouse Mischief site – actually, the site is really helpful, I think they’ve done a really good job on this.

Making an interactive presentation is pretty intuitive: start by adding a new slide, then decide to leave it as a normal slide (which won’t show multiple mice – useful for learning objectives, teaching points etc), or make it interactive. Interactive slides can offer a choice of yes or no, or they can be multiple choice (with 2-10 answers) or even a drawing slide. Setting the correct answer on a multiple choice is mater of two clicks. I really like the fact that once I’ve assigned a correct answer I can see a big tick on the screen, so I’m unlikely to make a mistake (when I’m using the presentation with students, the green tick only appears once they have all answered).

Mouse Mischief also easy to use in the classroom, in fact it’s some of the little details that have really won me over:

the teacher’s mouse/keyboard is always in control
the multiple mice only appear on the interactive slides
I can hide the students mice with a single key stroke (down arrow) and switch them back on once I’m ready – great if I want to build in some thinking time, or make sure that the students understand a key word or phrase before they answer
the students get one attempt at answering each question (unless the teacher refreshes the slide)
as soon as students have answered, their cursor disappears – this is such a nice, practical feature, I love it!
the students get feedback about which mouse was the first to select the correct answer, which really encourages them to join in promptly

2. It’s amazingly popular with students

There’s a really cheesy video on the Mouse Mischief You Tube channel. Just take a look: students who are so bored that they’ve turned the film into a dull, old black and white movie are magically transformed into thrilled and enthused Technicolor learners.

“Pfft," I thought to myself. Then I had to do a little mental climb down as I watched my Y7 class undergo a similar transformation. They love it.

3. It’s a really useful Assessment for Learning tool

As soon as the last student has clicked an answer, the results appear: I can see how many opted for each choice and the students can see which choice was correct. One click hides this, so we can go back to the slide and discuss problems if we need to.

4. It’s reliable

Our current voting system has been a bit glitchy, especially since I upgraded to Office 2007. A frozen screen doesn’t help the lesson along. So far I’ve only used Mouse Mischief with seven mice, but it has behaved itself perfectly.

5. It’s cheap

The Mouse Mischief add-in is free. (I know PowerPoint isn’t free, but like many teachers, I already had that installed.) I purchased six cheap wireless mice (just £5 each). They aren’t great, but they’ve done the job. I already had a powered USB hub. Six mice is enough – I just divided my bigger classes into teams. Then I realised that I could plug in my wired mouse and give it to a team sitting at the front. That works well – even with a class of 32.

The number of mice is limited (about five for machines running Windows XP SP3, about 25 for Vista or Windows 7), but even 25(ish) good quality mice will be a lot cheaper than a voting system. My small set of mice will be heading to my new school with me in September, but I’m hoping to have persuaded my current school that it’s worth making a very modest investment in some hardware to allow even the least tech-minded teacher to create interactive lessons.

OK, so what are the drawbacks?

There aren’t many to be honest, but these are the main ones:

Mouse Mischief doesn’t work with transitions or animations. This isn’t something I make lot of use of, but it would have been better to know that before I spent ages animating a set of cubes to show how to work out volume.
I’m not certain about the drawing slides. They could work really well, but the classes I’ve used this with have simply gone crazy with the mice and scribbled everywhere.
It’s not easy to tell which mouse belongs to which student. I’m thinking of taking some screenshots of the different cursors so that I can print and laminate them, then get students to collect the appropriate one and put it on their desk where I can see it. However, the classes that I’ve used this with have quickly got used to it and been pretty sensible with the mice, so I may not bother.
There isn’t any sort of record to show who got each question correct; something that is possible with our existing voting system. On the other hand, I use this data only rarely – and only when I’ve got a small enough class that they have one voting handset each. Easy solution – I can continue to use the voting system when I want the data, but I’ll use Mouse Mischief – which is easier to set up and more fun to use – if I don’t need the data at the end.

Is this the world’s cheapest interactive whiteboard?

Lois Lindemann — Thu, 20 May 2010 21:03:00 +0000

How much is an interactive whiteboard? How about £5? In fact, for that price, you can have an easily portable interactive whiteboard. Interested?

Actually, I’m cheating a little: I’m assuming that you already have a classroom with a projector and either a laptop or desktop computer (which is the case in almost every classroom in my school). If you have, then you just need to add one cheap and cheerful wireless mouse.

I bought a few mice to try out Mouse Mischief (which is brilliant – I’ll post about that later), but then I realized that even one wireless mouse could be a pretty useful teaching tool that allows students to interact with any program. I just pass the wireless mouse to a student and they can use it to interact with whatever is on the board: that could be selecting answers; completing drag and drop tasks; playing educational games or doing anything else that the touch surface on an interactive whiteboard would allow.

I’ve tried this with several classes and it’s worked brilliantly—students pass the mouse to one another with less disruption than when they come out to the whiteboard. Since the students aren’t standing in front of the whiteboard there are no issues with shadows or other class members being unable to see. Some students who are extremely reluctant to come out to the board will happily use the mouse from their seat.

Only one student can use the mouse at a time – but since most interactive whiteboards can only be used by student at a time, that’s not really a great disadvantage.

As a teacher, I can easily take back control at any time—all I have to do is unplug the receiver for the wireless mouse.

I’m sure I’m not the first person to think of this—in fact I can’t believe this idea has only just occurred to me—but it’s been a really effective way to involve students. I’m sure I’ll be doing this a lot in future. In fact I have a strong suspicion that I may have rendered my very expensive SMARTboard redundant. Mind you, there are no SMARTboards at the school where I’m working from September. I’ll just take my £5 mouse.

Photo: Cheesy Catand Mouse Pic by fozzeee on Flickr. Used under Creative Commons Licence.

Using Rollover Images

Lois Lindemann — Mon, 28 Dec 2009 09:00:47 +0000

Yesterday I wrote about creating rollover images in WordPress. This is all very nice, but what’s the point?

1. Engagement

Last term I sat with some students and asked them to show me things that they liked on various websites. There was no agreement whatsoever about preferred colour schemes, design styles or layouts, but almost everyone liked games, videos and interactive content. I am reliably informed that buttons which change when the mouse is rolled over them are ‘cool’.

If a set of buttons with rollover effects will encourage students to access the site I’ve set up for them, then it’s worth doing. (Yes I know, it’ll take much more than that, but it’s still worth it.)

2. Simple interactive content

Once you’veset up the use of rollover effects for the first time, it makes it possible to put some simple interactive content into web pages or posts in a class blog. Here’s a few examples:

Flashcards:

I’m going to ask Y10 to make some of these for the perimeter/area/volume formulae that they need to learn for their exam in January.

Revision prompts:

Can you name the sides in this triangle?
(Roll your mouse over the image to see the answer.)

Giving information or clues:

In a flowerpot in my garden I found 3 slugs, 2 spiders and 4 beetles.
How many legs were there altogether in the flowerpot?

Any more suggestions?

Creating Rollover Images in WordPress

Lois Lindemann — Sun, 27 Dec 2009 11:04:55 +0000

My student website is long overdue for a major revamp. I decided to rebuild the site using WordPress, which is going well, but some of the things I want to do are not automatically built in, so I thought I’d try to write some very simple guides as I work out how to do things.

My students all seem to like rollover images, so I wanted to incorporate them. Here’s how I did it:

You will need:

- A self-hosted WordPress blog. This simply will not work for a blog that is hosted on WordPress.com, because this process requires Javascript, which is not allowed on WordPress.com blogs. (That’s one of the many reasons I opted to go for the self-hosted option.)
- A folder somewhere on the web to hold your images.
- A text editor, such as Notepad.

Step One – Create some images

You will need two images – the basic image that will appear at first and the image that will replace it when the user hovers their mouse over. Obviously these images should be the same size! I created gifs, but pngs will also work. You will need to stick to one format, don’t use a mixture of file types.

Your rollover image needs to have the same name as the basic image, but with an ending such as _over added at the end: e.g. my-image.gif and my-image_over.gif

Once you have finished, upload your images to the web. You must save the two images in the same folder.

Step Two – Create and upload a Javascript file

Actually, no knowledge of Javascript is required here, because Atlanta Jones has created and shared a tutorial and a script that works perfectly. If you have created gif files and used the _over ending on your file names, you can simply download and use this file: rollover.js. Alternatively you can copy and paste this script into a text editor (NOT MS Word – I used notepad) and save it as rollover.js:

jQuery(function($) {
$(document).ready(function() {

		// Preload all rollovers
		$("#hoverlink img").each(function() {
			// Set the original src
			rollsrc = $(this).attr("src");
			rollON = rollsrc.replace(/.gif$/ig,"_over.gif");
			$("").attr("src", rollON);
		});

		// Navigation rollovers
		$("#hoverlink a").mouseover(function(){
			imgsrc = $(this).children("img").attr("src");
			matches = imgsrc.match(/_over/);

			// don't do the rollover if state is already ON
			if (!matches) {
			imgsrcON = imgsrc.replace(/.gif$/ig,"_over.gif"); // strip off extension
			$(this).children("img").attr("src", imgsrcON);
			}

		});
		$("#hoverlink a").mouseout(function(){
			$(this).children("img").attr("src", imgsrc);
		});

	});
});

If you have changed filetypes or endings, you will need to edit the script with your text editor to change anything that says .gif to .png, or anything that says _over to match the ending you used on your file names.

The script tells WordPress to pre-load your rollover images and what to do when the mouse is rolled over and off. It is dependent on a tag called hoverlink (I made that name up, you can change it if you want). We’ll use this tag in step four.

Once you have your Javascript file, you need to upload it. It needs to go in the root folder for the theme that you are using in Wordress. You will end up with a file at /wp-content/themes/whateveryourthemeiscalled/rollover.js

Step Three – tell WordPress to use the file that you just created

The good news is that WordPress comes bundled with JQuery, so all you have to do is tell it to use it. Even beter, Brian at frodesigns.com has kindly shared the code that is needed.

You will need to edit your header.php file, find this by clicking on Appearance, then Editor. First find the tag. NB in some themes the the tag may not look exactly like that, so you may need to look for something like this: .
Once you’ve found the tag, copy and paste this code directly under it:

    

You can see the penultimate line directs WordPress to the jQuery code for the image rollover effect that we are creating. It also refers to the hoverlink tag that we’ll use in the next step.

Step Four – putting your images into a post or page

Now you can actually put your images into a post or page. The last bit of technical trickery is to put your images inside a section tagged "hoverlink". To do this, use the html editor to create your page or post, rather than the visual editor.

This is the code that I used to create the image at the end of this post:

http://www.morethanmaths.com/teacher">http://www.morethanmaths.com/teacher/sample-files/2009/12/my-avatar.gif" border="0" alt="My Avatar" width="220" height="220" />

You can see that the code relating to the image is contained inside two tags:

and

. Obviously you will need to change the highlighted sections to match your own choice of hyperlink, image location and size.

Want a rollover image that isn’t hyperlinked? No problem:

http://www.morethanmaths.com/teacher/sample-files/2009/12/my-avatar.gif" border="0" alt="My Avatar" width="220" height="220" />

Want your rollover image in a sidebar? Add a text widget and put the code into that. WordPress will recognise the code and display the image with the rollover effect enabled.

Here’s the finished product:

There’s also an example of a rollover image in the sidebar of this blog, try rolling your mouse over the juggler to see it action – it’s a fairly subtle effect this time.

I’m not a Javascript expert – in fact I know next to nothing – but I got this working with little more than copy and paste. I’ve tried this with WordPress 3.0, 2.9 and 2.8.6, using the Atahualpa and the Default themes. I tested the finished product in Firefox, Chrome and Internet Explorer. As far as I can tell, it’s working perfectly.

Update: Drew left a really useful comment explaining how to get this to work if you are using a child theme:

“I was having a problem getting the rollovers to work. The problem was I am using a theme that is a CHILD theme of another (Graph Paper Press): the Parent theme (Modularity) is installed first and the Child theme (On Assignment) is then installed and activated. The .JS file needs to be uploaded to the PARENT theme (Modularity); it does not work if only uploaded to the in-use child theme.”

Update 2: I’ve done several theme upgrades without problems, but after a recent upgrade on one of my sites I found that I had to do some repair work. If the rollover effects stop working, it’s worth checking that the rollover.js script is still there and the code after the tag is still there. Mine got deleted

Update 3: John left a comment about getting this to work with tables and has shared his code. Thanks John!

#movemeon – making sure I remember

Lois Lindemann — Sun, 06 Dec 2009 12:15:50 +0000

I am absolutely brilliant at forgetting things. I specialise in it. As a child I had a fantastic memory, but I suspect that these days I simply deal with far too much information to hold it all in my head. Consequently I make a lot of lists!

Recently Doug Belshaw set the ball rolling for a collaborative effort by educators to share hints and tips using Twitter and the #movemeon hashtag. The result is an amazing collection of ideas: some familiar, some new. There were lots of ideas that made me think, ‘I’ve got to try that’, or ‘I used to do that – why did I stop?’

But as I said, I forget stuff – and just because something is a great idea, it doesn’t necessarily mean that it will stick in my cluttered memory. So I’ve created some reminders, in the form of a set of header images which appear here and on my planner. (Of course, if you’re reading this on a feed you won’t have seen the header image, in which case you might like to click through and take a look.)

The header images combine Chris Spooner’s bird graphics with a selection of tweets from the #movemeon collaboration. So far there are 10 (and counting) great ideas that I’ll see on a regular basis. Let’s see how many of them I put into action.

If you would like copies of these images, feel free to help yourself:

Set of 10 in gif format [zipped folder]
The same set of 10 in png format [zipped folder] – larger files, but more easily edited

Impermanent

Lois Lindemann — Wed, 18 Nov 2009 20:47:42 +0000

A few weeks ago I came across instructions about how to get rid of permanent marker from your whiteboard. (Scribble all over it straight away with the dry wipe marker that you *should* have used, then wipe it off.)

Pffft, I thought. Who writes on their whiteboard with permanent marker?

That would be me apparently. Even after noticing how similar looking Sharpies and our new board pens are. And after making a mental note not to get them muddled up. Oops.

Anyway, the cleaning method works very nicely.

Phew.